Lithium niobate (LiNbO₃, abbreviated li LN) yog ib qho khoom siv ntau yam thiab ntau lub hom phiaj siv lead ua uas integrates zoo heev electro-optic, acousto-optic, elastic-optic, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, photorefractive nyhuv thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm lub cev. LN crystal belongs rau lub trigonal siv lead ua, nrog ferroelectric theem ntawm chav tsev kub, 3m point group, thiab R3c pawg chaw. Xyoo 1949, Matthias thiab Remeika tau tsim LN ib leeg siv lead ua, thiab xyoo 1965 Ballman tau ua tiav qhov loj dua LN siv lead ua.

In1970 ib LN crystals pib siv rau hauv kev npaj ntawm electro-optic Q-switches. LN crystals muaj qhov zoo ntawm tsis muaj deliquescent, qis ib nrab-yoj voltage, lateral modulation, yooj yim los ua electrodes, yooj yim siv thiab txij nkawm, thiab lwm yam, tab sis lawv muaj feem xyuam rau photorefractive hloov thiab muaj tsawg laser kev puas tsuaj pib. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov nyuaj ntawm kev npaj cov khoom siv kho qhov muag zoo ua rau cov khoom siv lead ua tsis sib xws. Tau ntev,LN crystals muaj tsuas yog siv rau qee qhov qis los yog nruab nrab zog 1064 nm laser tshuab.

Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem ntawm photorefractive nyhuv, ua haujlwm ntaus haua ve tau ua. Vim tias feem ntau siv LN siv lead uayog tsim los ntawm eutectic ratio ntawm tib muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm khoom-kua xeev, tntawm no yog cov tsis xws luag xws li lithium vacancy thiab anti-niobium nyob rau hauv lub siv lead ua. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los kho cov khoom siv lead ua los ntawm kev hloov cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab doping. Xyoo 1980,nws’s pom tias doping LN crystals nrog cov ntsiab lus magnesium ntau dua 4.6 mol% nces tus yees duab-kev puas tsuaj los ntawm ntau tshaj ib qho kev txiav txim ntawm qhov loj. Lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv-photorefractive doped LN crystals kuj tau tsim, xws li zinc-doped, scandium-doped, indium-doped, hafnium-doped, zirconium-doped, lwm. Vim doped LN muaj qhov tsis zoo kho qhov muag, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm photorefraction thiab laser puas yog tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb, nws muaj tsis tau siv dav.

daws cov teeb meem uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm loj-inch, high-optical-zoo LN crystals, cov kws tshawb fawb tsim ib lub computer tswj system nyob rau hauv 2004, uas zoo dua daws qhov teeb meem ntawm loj lag nyob rau hauv kev tswj thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob ntawm loj-loj. LN. Cov theem ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm txoj kab uas hla kev tswj tau zoo heev, uas kov yeej qhov kev hloov tam sim ntawm txoj kab uas hla los ntawm kev tswj tsis zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob ntawm cov siv lead ua, thiab txhim kho qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov siv lead ua. Optical uniformity ntawm 3 nyob rau hauvch LN siv lead ua zoo dua 3 × 10^-5 cm^-1.

Xyoo 2010, tus kws tshawb fawbs npaj siab tias qhov kev ntxhov siab hauv LN siv lead ua yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias LN electro-optical Q-hloov. Los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub computer- tswj vaj huam sib luag txoj kab uas hla technology kom loj hlob zoo kho qhov muag zoo LN siv lead ua, ib tug tshwj xeeb kev kho cua sov txheej txheem yog siv los txo cov seem ntawm cov dawb paug. Hauv xyoo 2013,ib tug xav tias, raws li kev ntxhov siab hauv, sab nraud clamping kev nyuaj siab muaj ib yam cuam ​​tNws kub stability ntawm electro-optic Q-hloov daim ntawv thov ntawm LN siv lead ua. Lawv tsim ib elastic sib dhos tshuab los kov yeej cov teeb meem kev ntxhov siab sab nraud los ntawm cov tsoos nruj clamping, thiab cov txheej txheem no tau raug txhawb thiab siv nyob rau hauv 1064 nm series ntawm lasers.

Tib lub sijhawm, vim tias LN siv lead ua muaj dav Lub teeb kis tau tus mob thiab loj zoo electro-optic coefficient, nws yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-infrared waveband laser tshuab, xws li 2 μm thiab 2.28m ib.

Tau ntev, txawm tias ua haujlwm ntaus haua ve tau ua tiav ntawm LN crystals, tseem tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua haujlwm LN’s infrared photorefractive zog, lub intrinsic laser puas pib, thiab lub zog mechanism ntawm doping ntawm qhov kev puas tsuaj pib. Daim ntawv thov ntawm electro-optical Q-hloovlos ntawm LN Crystal tau coj tsis meej pem ntau. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm LN crystals yog complex, thiab cov hom thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov tsis xws luag yog ntau, uas ua rau txawv.ce tsim los ntawm qhov sib txawv furnaces, sib txawv batch, thiab txawm txawv qhov chaw ntawm tib yam khoom siv lead ua. Tej zaum yuav muaj qhov sib txawv loj hauv qhov zoo ntawm cov muaju. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj los tswj cov kev ua tau zoo sib xws ntawm electro-optic Q-switched li, uas tseem txwv tsis pub siv electro-optic Q-hloov ntawm LN crystals rau qee yam.

Zoo LN Pockels cell ua los ntawm WISOPTIC